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Antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are increasingly widespread causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) [1] and are associated with greater mortality rates, longer hospitalizations, and enhanced healthcare expenditures [2, 3]. Powerful therapy for extremely drug-resistant (XDR) GNB infections is difficult resulting from restricted therapeutic options [4]. Within this study, we examined the epidemiology and outcomes of HAIs attributable to XDR-GNB within the 16 ICUs affiliated with our medical center. We performed a case-control study to recognize risk elements Neurotensin Receptor Compound linked with XDR-GNB infections compared with non-XDR-GNB infections. We hypothesized that exposure to carbapenem agents could be linked with HAIs brought on by XDR-GNB. Furthermore, we performed a survival analysis to discover if predictors for death changed 7, 15, and 30 days immediately after diagnosis of an HAI. We hypothesized that HAIs attributable to XDR-GNB would be linked with an elevated hazard for mortality and that the impact would be most pronounced at 7 days, rather than at 15 or 30 days.Materials and MethodsStudy Design and Study Setting This study was a potential cohort study using a nested, matched case-control study. It was conducted from February 2007 to January 2010 in the 16 ICUs affiliated with NewYorkPresbyterian (NYP) Hospital located in New York City. NYP is often a two,278-bed (383 ICU-bed) tertiary-care facility affiliated with two medical schools, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Weill Cornell Medical College. Study ICUs incorporated medical (n=5), surgical (n=6), burn (n=1), and pediatric/neonatal (n=4) ICUs and had roughly 14,800 annual patient admissions. Institutional Assessment Board approval was obtained fromAm J Infect.