Ethanolamide (anandamide or AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) (Apostu et al. 2019). Drugs containing all-natural cannabinoids are represented by SativexTM or EpidiolexTM, which contain cannabidiol and/or THC (Apostu et al. 2019). Synthetic cannabinoid drugs consist in cannabinoid agonists and are represented by MarinolTM (dronabinol), SyndrosTM (dronabinol), or CesametTM (nabilone), (Apostu et al. 2019). By activating CB-1 or CB-2 receptors, cannabinoids modulate systems which include immune, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, pulmonary, digestive, and central nervous system (Apostu et al. 2019). Cannabinoid receptors are generally represented by CB-1 and CB-2. CB-1 is mostly found inside the central nervous program and is definitely the principal HCV Storage & Stability receptor accountable for the psychotropic effects, even though CB-2 is accountable for the actions on the immune system (Apostu et al. 2019)three.5. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitorsTocilizumab is authorized in case of cytokine release syndrome, which also happens in COVID-19 patients, major to extreme complications (Song et al. 2020). The present clinical trials showed a effective impact of tocilizumab on oxygen intake, lung injury, or lymphopenia (Song et al. 2020). Sarilumab also inhibits the IL-6 action by binding to its receptor (Song et al. 2020). Presently, no clinical trial on sarilumab was finished to propose for or against its use for the COVID-19 patients (Song et al. 2020). Siltuximab lowered the CRP level and enhanced the clinical outcome in a EZH1 custom synthesis modest clinical trial on COVID-19 individuals (Song et al. 2020). Larger clinical trials are necessary in order to ascertain its efficiency (Song et al. 2020).three.6. Anti GM-CSFThe granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating issue (GM-CSF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a vital component in lung injury, macrophage homeostasis, and immunological diseases (Vijayvargiya et al. 2020). You will discover no available clinical information concerning its use in COVID-19 individuals (Vijayvargiya et al. 2020).three.7. Convalescent plasmaThe mechanism of action is usually a direct antibody neutralization from the SARS-CoV-2 (Vijayvargiya et al. 2020). A single clinical study showed an improvement within the hospital remain and viral load (Vijayvargiya et al. 2020). Nevertheless, the limitations of your study includedO. LUCACIU ET AL.Figure 3. Cannabinoid receptor distribution within the immune system’s cells.(Figure 3). Other receptors for example G-protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), G-protein-coupled receptor 18 (GPR18), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma (PPARa and PPARb) or transient receptor possible vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) are also activated by cannabinoids but are certainly not normally regarded as to be cannabinoid receptors (Apostu et al. 2019). Cannabinoid and immune method. The immune method is defined as a complex network of proteins and cells that guard the body against infections. The cells found inside the immune technique are macrophages, T cells, B cells, mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, organic killer cells, natural killer T cells, CD4cells, and CD8cells (Apostu et al. 2019; Nichols and Kaplan 2020). The primary proteins discovered in the immune systems are signaling proteins (cytokines), complement proteins, and antibodies (Nichols and Kaplan 2020). This program is regulated by other systems as well, which include the endocrine and nervous. The cannabinoid program also plays a component in the immune response (Nichols and Kaplan 2020). Cannabinoid receptors are present all through the immune system.