Perimentally verified, yielding 168,094 proteins �ll (Ka et al., 2004; Sonnhammer et al., 1998). Of those proteins, we applied a sliding window strategy to assess nearby density of cysteine residues about the transmembrane helices. Particularly, we scanned the thirty-residue regions that lie around the N- or C- terminal sides of each transmembrane helix, making use of a window size of 20. For each protein, the transmembrane-adjacent window with the highest fraction of cysteine was taken as the protein’s cysteine fractional `score’. The total set of protein scores is provided in Supplementary file two. To summarize high-confidence hits, we very first removed redundancy by filtering for duplicate sequence entries that originated from strain-specific sequence deposition. This final set is supplied as Supplementary file two, with high-density hits referred to as out in Figure 5G. In parallel, we acquired the comprehensive set of human proteins (n = 20370) from Uniprot (data retrieved October 2020) (UniProt Consortium, 2015). We then similarly filtered for predicted trans�ll membrane proteins, yielding 5182 candidates (Ka et al., 2004; Sonnhammer et al., 1998). Of these proteins, we applied precisely the same sliding window strategy as for viral proteins as described above. The comprehensive set of protein scores is provided in Supplementary file three. We additional subjected these putatively cysteine-rich transmembrane proteins to manual filtering to recognize `spikelike’ human proteins, which feature cysteine motifs in cytosol and aromatics in the ectodomainplasma membrane interface. Benefits are summarized in Figure 5H with gene ontology (PantherDB) presented in Figure 5–figure supplement 1D.AcknowledgementsWe thank all Brangwynne Lab members for helpful discussion and critiques and Evangelos Gatzogiannis for assistance with reside cell microscopy. AD wishes to thank the Hargrove lab at Duke University, and especially Sarah Wicks, for assistance and use in the ChemAxon analysis software, as well as Dr. Brittany Morgan for helpful discussions. This operate was supported by Princeton COVID-19 study funds through the Office in the Dean for Study (CPB and AP labs); the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (CPB lab); a Boston University start-up fund and Peter Paul Profession DevelopmentSanders, Jumper, Ackerman, et al. eLife 2021;10:e65962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.37 ofResearch articleCell BiologyProfessorship (FD); NIH (GM095467 and HL122531 to BDL; GM134949, GM124072, and GM120351 to IL); Volkswagen Foundation (IL); Human Frontiers Science System (IL); a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Award for Investigators in Pathogenesis (AP); Longer Life Foundation–RGA/Washington University Collaboration (ASH); postdoctoral fellowship awards in the Uehara Memorial Foundation and JSPS Analysis Fellowships for Young Scientists (TT); from the SENSHIN Health-related Analysis Foundation (S.S); and from the All-natural Sciences and Engineering Investigation Council of Caspase 11 Gene ID Canada (CCJ).Further informationCompeting interests Alex S Holehouse: ASH is actually a consultant for Dewpoint Therapeutics. Clifford P Brangwynne: CPB is really a scientific founder and consultant for Nereid Therapeutics. The other authors declare that no competing interests exist.FundingFunder National Institute of Basic Healthcare Sciences National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institute of Basic Medical Sciences National Institute of PI3KC2β supplier Common Medical Sciences Howard Hughes Healthcare Institute National Institute of General Medical Sciences Grant reference quantity GM095.