Were randomised in to the mask arm (n=123) or the control arm (n=122). The mask arm had on typical two.five IC87201 site household contacts per index case (n=302), even though the manage arm had two.four household contacts per index case (n=295). Characteristics of index situations and household members are presented in table 1. There 
was no significant difference between arms, and most traits, which includes medication use (information not PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331531 shown), were generally comparable. Viruses have been isolated from 60 (146245) of index instances. Influenza was by far the most typical virus isolated from 115 (47 ) cases–influenza A–100, influenza B– 11 and influenza A and B–4. Other viruses isolated from index situations were rhinovirus,13 NL6311 and C229E.7 A lot more than a single virus was isolated in 48 (20 ) index instances, like 17 coinfections with influenza. Table two shows the intention-to-treat evaluation. CRI was reported in 4 (1.911000 person-days) household members inside the mask arm, compared with six household members (two.951000 person-days) within the handle arm (RR 0.65, 95 CI 0.18 to 2.29). Only one particular case (0.481000 person-days) of ILI was reported within the mask arm, compared with 3 situations (1.471000 person-days) inside the handle arm (RR 0.32, 95 CI 0.03 to 3.11). Two laboratory-confirmed infections have been identified among symptomatic household members from a separate household. One household member had the same infection (influenza H1N1) because the respective index case. Rhinovirus was isolated from an additional household member.Table 1 Demographic and also other qualities of the index instances and household members Variable Index case (quantity) Gender (male) Age (imply) Education (undergraduatepostgraduate) Smoker (currentex) Pre-existing illness Influenza vaccination (yes) Hand washing (mostall instances) Average hour of dwelling remain Typical hour mask wearing Household (members) Quantity of household per arm Gender (male) Influenza vaccination (yes) Age (imply) Mask arm ( and 95 CI) 123 56123 45.five (37.0 to 54.three ) 40.two (37.6 to 42.eight) 78123 63.four (54.six to 71.4 ) 29123 23.6 (16.9 to 31.eight ) 21123 17.1 (16.two to 31.0 ) 5123 4.1 (1.7 to 9.two ) 98123 79.7 (71.7 to 85.8 ) 16.six (15.9 to 17.three) 4.4 (3.9 to four.9) 302 two.five 149302 49.3 (43.four to 24.six ) 22298 7.4 (four.9 to ten.9 ) 38.3 (36.0 to 40.5) Control arm ( and 95 CI) 122 45122 36.9 (28.8 to 45.7 ) 39.7 (37.3 to 42.0) 74122 60.7 (51.8 to 68.9 ) 26122 21.three (15.0 to 29.four ) 16122 13.1 (eight.two to 20.two ) 5122 four.1 (1.8 to 9.2 ) 109122 89.3 (82.6 to 93.7 ) 16.six (15.9 to 17.three) 1.four (0.9 to 1.8) 295 2.4 168295 56.9 (51.six to 62.9 ) 30285 10.5 (7.1 to 14.6 ) 36.four (34.1 to 38.8)Consists of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, ischaemic heart illness, immune-compromised and other people. Variable was designed by taking typical hours over the trial period. Missing information for 14 cases.MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;six:e012330. doi:10.1136bmjopen-2016-MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;six:e012330. doi:10.1136bmjopen-2016-Table 2 Number and proportion of household members reporting major outcomes, by randomisation arm and intention-to-treat analysis (n=597) Laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections No (price person-days) 0.32 (0.03 to 3.11) Ref 12098 (0.481000) 12036 (0.491000)CRI No (price person-days) RR (95 CI) Mask arm Manage arm 42098 (1.911000) 62036 (two.951000)ILI No (price person-days)RR (95 CI) 0.97 (0.06 to 15.5) Ref0.65 (0.18 to 2.29) 12098 (0.481000) Ref 32036 (1.471000)Household members (mask arm 302 and handle arm 295). Intracluster correlation.