Were randomised in to the mask arm (n=123) or the manage arm (n=122). The mask arm had on typical two.5 household contacts per index case (n=302), while the handle arm had 2.4 household contacts per index case (n=295). Qualities of index cases and household members are presented in table 1. There was no substantial difference between arms, and most qualities, which includes medication use (data not PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331531 shown), had been commonly similar. Viruses had been isolated from 60 (146245) of index situations. Influenza was one of the most prevalent virus isolated from 115 (47 ) cases–influenza A–100, influenza B– 11 and influenza A and B–4. Other viruses isolated from index instances were rhinovirus,13 NL6311 and C229E.7 More than one particular virus was isolated in 48 (20 ) index instances, including 17 coinfections with influenza. Table two shows the intention-to-treat analysis. CRI was reported in 4 (1.911000 person-days) household members within the mask arm, compared with six household members (two.951000 person-days) inside the handle arm (RR 0.65, 95 CI 0.18 to 2.29). Only a single case (0.481000 person-days) of ILI was reported within the mask arm, compared with 3 Oxyresveratrol chemical information situations (1.471000 person-days) inside the manage arm (RR 0.32, 95 CI 0.03 to three.11). Two laboratory-confirmed infections were identified among symptomatic household members from a separate household. One particular household member had precisely the same infection (influenza H1N1) because the respective index case. Rhinovirus was isolated from another household member.Table 1 Demographic as well as other characteristics from the index instances and household members Variable Index case (number) Gender (male) Age (imply) Education (undergraduatepostgraduate) Smoker (currentex) Pre-existing illness Influenza vaccination (yes) Hand washing (mostall times) Typical hour of dwelling keep Average hour mask wearing Household (members) Number of household per arm Gender (male) Influenza vaccination (yes) Age (mean) Mask arm ( and 95 CI) 123 56123 45.5 (37.0 to 54.three ) 40.two (37.six to 42.eight) 78123 63.4 (54.6 to 71.four ) 29123 23.6 (16.9 to 31.8 ) 21123 17.1 (16.two to 31.0 ) 5123 four.1 (1.7 to 9.2 ) 98123 79.7 (71.7 to 85.8 ) 16.6 (15.9 to 17.three) 4.four (three.9 to 4.9) 302 two.5 149302 49.3 (43.4 to 24.six ) 22298 7.4 (4.9 to 10.9 ) 38.three (36.0 to 40.five) Handle arm ( and 95 CI) 122 45122 36.9 (28.8 to 45.7 ) 39.7 (37.three to 42.0) 74122 60.7 (51.eight to 68.9 ) 26122 21.three (15.0 
to 29.four ) 16122 13.1 (8.2 to 20.two ) 5122 four.1 (1.eight to 9.2 ) 109122 89.3 (82.six to 93.7 ) 16.six (15.9 to 17.3) 1.four (0.9 to 1.eight) 295 2.four 168295 56.9 (51.6 to 62.9 ) 30285 ten.five (7.1 to 14.six ) 36.four (34.1 to 38.8)Consists of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, ischaemic heart illness, immune-compromised and others. Variable was produced by taking typical hours more than the trial period. Missing information for 14 circumstances.MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;six:e012330. doi:10.1136bmjopen-2016-MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;6:e012330. doi:ten.1136bmjopen-2016-Table 2 Quantity and proportion of household members reporting key outcomes, by randomisation arm and intention-to-treat analysis (n=597) Laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections No (price person-days) 0.32 (0.03 to three.11) Ref 12098 (0.481000) 12036 (0.491000)CRI No (price person-days) RR (95 CI) Mask arm Manage arm 42098 (1.911000) 62036 (two.951000)ILI No (rate person-days)RR (95 CI) 0.97 (0.06 to 15.5) Ref0.65 (0.18 to two.29) 12098 (0.481000) Ref 32036 (1.471000)Household members (mask arm 302 and handle arm 295). Intracluster correlation.