Dren with ASD had been identified from claims information files using International Classification of Ailments, Ninth Edition (ICD-9) codes 299.0 and 299.eight. Children getting either two or a lot more outpatient claims on two distinctive days or at the least one particular inpatient claim with an ASD diagnosis have been viewed as to have ASD. This system of case ascertainment has been broadly made use of in the literature (Wang and Leslie ; Mandell, Cao et al. 2006). Although Medicaid information were obtainable for 42 states, only the 24 states that had a minimum of 20 kids with ASD in both the Medicaid plus the MarketScan system who met inclusion criteria had been included (see Table 3 for any list of those states). Data Analysis The patient characteristics had been compared among all enrolled youngsters and kids with ASD in each method respectively. Exactly the same states and also the exact same inclusion criteria described above have been applied to all enrolled children and youngsters with ASD.J Autism Dev Disord. Author manuscript; out there in PMC 2014 May perhaps 01.Wang et al.PageFor children with ASD, well being care utilization and related costs had been categorized to study precise forms of services or procedures. Psychiatric care and ASD care were defined as care with a major diagnosis code of a mental disorder (ICD-9 code of 290-319) and of ASD (ICD-9 code of 299.0 or 299.8), respectively. We examined the use of occupational therapy/ physical therapy (OT/PT), behavior modification and speech therapy, which had been identified from a collection of procedural codes employed in the literature(CMHPSR 2012). Psychotropic medication use integrated prescriptions for antidepressants, stimulants, tranquilizers, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics/sedative/hypnotics (Mandell, Morales et al. 2008; Rubin, Feudtner et al. 2009), which have been identified working with the corresponding National Drug Codes. Healthcare expenses had been measured by the volume of the reimbursement made by the insurance coverage method to providers, and have been categorized into inpatient, outpatient and medication costs. The fees considered in the study were in the payer’s perspective, i.e., what the insurance coverage method paid for wellness solutions. Out-of-pocket fees have been not considered since, though they’re probably minimal for Medicaid, data on out-of-pocket spending in Medicaid were not readily available. Statistical Procedures Group indicates had been compared applying t-tests in univariate analysis. While the raw data were not usually distributed, t-tests offer robust outcomes when the sample size is large (Lumley, Diehr et al. 2002). Chi-square tests were employed to examine proportions. A Pearson correlation coefficient was derived to test the correlation of Medicaid costs and MarketScan costs inside a given state. The Pearson correlation coefficient is actually a standardized coefficient with feasible values in [-1,1]. The closer the coefficient will be to zero, the less the correlation. In multivariate evaluation, charges had been modeled utilizing generalized linear Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor II models having a log link function and Gamma error distribution. The interaction terms from the insurance coverage variety (Medicaid vs. private insurance) and all other covariates had been included to test whether the effects on the covariates differed by insurance coverage type, and only the considerable interaction term was incorporated within the final model. SAS software (Cary, NC) was employed PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215687 for information analysis.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript ResultsTable 1 describes the traits of all enrolled children as well as the study sample in Medicaid and MarketScan. In bo.