In striated muscles.Supporting InformationFigure S1 Ca2+-induced dissociation of FBPase from sarcomeric structures is not a result of destabilization of aldolase binding to these structures. In the presence of 200 mM Ca2+, binding of the FITC-labeled Tyr57Trp FBPase mutant to sarcomeric structures is disturbed (A) whereas aldolase still localizes on the Z-line (B). Bar = 5 mm. (DOC)Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: DR AG AK AD. Performed the experiments: DR AG AK MZ EM-D AD. Analyzed the data: DR AG AK AD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DR AK. Wrote the paper: DR AG AK AD.
Mochalski et al. Cancer Cell International 2013, 13:72 http://www.cancerci/content/13/1/PRIMARY RESEARCHOpen AccessRelease and uptake of volatile organic compounds by human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in vitroPawel Mochalski1*, Andreas Sponring1,2, Julian King1, Karl Unterkofler1,3, Jakob Troppmair4 and Anton Amann1,2*AbstractBackground: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by human body offer a unique insight into biochemical processes ongoing in healthy and diseased human organisms. Unfortunately, in many cases their origin and metabolic fate have not been yet elucidated in sufficient depth, thus limiting their clinical application. The primary goal of this work was to identify and quantify volatile organic compounds being released or metabolized by HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells.BCI Methods: The hepatocellular carcinoma cells were incubated in specially designed head-space 1-L glass bottles sealed for 24 hours prior to measurements. Identification and quantification of volatiles released and consumed by cells under study were performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS) coupled with head-space needle trap device extraction (HS-NTD) as the pre-concentration technique. Most of the compounds were identified both by spectral library match as well as retention time comparison based on standards. Results: A total of nine compounds were found to be metabolised and further twelve released by the cells under study (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p0.05). The former group comprised 6 aldehydes (2-methyl 2-propenal, 2-methyl propanal, 2-ethylacrolein, 3-methyl butanal, n-hexanal and benzaldehyde), n-propyl propionate, n-butyl acetate, and isoprene.Reproxalap Amongst the released species there were five ketones (2-pentanone, 3-heptanone, 2-heptanone, 3-octanone, 2-nonanone), five volatile sulphur compounds (dimethyl sulfide, ethyl methyl sulfide, 3-methyl thiophene, 2-methyl-1-(methylthio)- propane and 2-methyl-5-(methylthio) furan), n-propyl acetate, and 2-heptene. Conclusions: The emission and uptake of the aforementioned VOCs may reflect the activity of abundant liver enzymes and support the potential of VOC analysis for the assessment of enzymes function.PMID:23460641 Keywords: HepG2 cells, Volatile organic compounds, VOCs, Biomarkers, GC-MS, Emission of metabolites, Enzymes expressionBackground Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the human body have a great potential for medical diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring [1-5]. Their analysis offers a unique insight into biochemical processes ongoing in healthy and diseased human organisms. Breath analysis* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Breath Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Rathausplatz 4, A-6850 Dornbirn, Austria 2 Univ.-Clinic for Anesthesia, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr, 35, A-6020 Innsbr.